Tag Archives: Symptoms

If a Teen Wasn?t Diagnosed with ADHD/ADD as a Child, Sunset Bay Academy Says You Cannot Disregard That They Are Not Going through the Symptoms as an Adolescent


San Diego, CA (Vocus/PRWEB) March 15, 2011

As parents of a troubled teen we must take into consideration that nowadays one of the most significant teen problems is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), also known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) if hyperactivity is not present. Our teenagers are more likely to be impulsive, unorganized, forgetful, immature, procrastinators and have difficulty with friendships, as part of the adolescent process. When these behaviors are taking place in a severe manner and are also interfering with daily tasks at home and/or at school; these may be due to ADHD or ADD. Teens with ADHD have differences in the parts of their brain that control attention and activity, which causes difficulty while focusing on certain tasks, because they are impulsive and get into trouble. As mentioned before not all teens with ADHD are hyperactive, some teens only develop ADD, which means they are inattentive and have a lack of hyperactivity.

As the term ADHD entails, a teen?s problem maybe primarily cognitive, which would be reflected in poor attention, or behaviors that can be exhibitted as hyperactivity, but it is usually a combination of both. While some teens appear to outgrow the symptoms of ADHD as they get older, other teenagers continue to have difficulties in their social relationships and school performance that carry on into adulthood. In some teens, ADHD may coexist along with unsociable or unlawful conduct. Although, it is not classified as a learning disorder it can cause severe learning difficulties in teens. Unless it is carefully managed by a Therapeutic Boarding School, teen ADHD can result in a lifelong problem.

What types of behaviors do we need to consider in Teen ADD and ADHD?

With ADD we must pay close attention to our teens if they begin to miss details, make careless mistakes in their schoolwork and activities, don’t seem to listen when spoken to directly, don’t follow through with directions and fail to comply with responsibilities, evades or loathes having to perform tasks that require constant mental effort.

ADHD is a more hyperactive-impulsive behavior and we must look for the following: is our teen restless with their hands or feet and seems agitated while seated, takes off from the classroom, is constantly on the run, and/or acts as if ?driven by a motor?. Furthermore, if while studying they have difficulty to remain silent, are constantly talking, blurting out answers before the question is formulated, trouble waiting for their turn, interrupts and intrudes frequently.

According to the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) 3 to 5 percent of all children are affected by ADHD. Two to three times more boys than girls are affected, though the disorder is being identified increasingly in girls. On the average at least one or two teens in every classroom in the United States needs help for the disorder.

Some teenage girls that have been diagnosed with ADHD/ADD are more prone to be moody, particularly during their PMS week. Teenage ADHD/ADD Girls seem to be more emotionally overreactive, hypersensitive to stress situations, argumentative, disorganized, and generally demonstrate difficulty to keep up with daily tasks that other peers manage without greater difficulty.

If we detect these patterns in our teens, a professional evaluation must be taken into account. ADHD/ADD is a highly treatable disorder and requires a comprehensive approach. In Therapeutic Boarding Schools like Sunset Bay Academy you will find cognitive and behavioral therapy, social skills training, parent education and support that will help you and your family to better cope with teen ADHD/ADD.

About Sunset Bay Academy

A Full Service Co-ed Therapeutic Boarding School, helping troubled teens ages 12-17 appreciate their second chance at a new life with strong family values in a structured and supportive environment.

http://www.facebook.com/SunsetBayAcademy

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http://www.linkedin.com/in/sunsetbayacademy

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NSPC Doctor Provides Concussion Advice for Young Athletes: Know the Symptoms and Risks


Rockville Centre, NY (PRWEB) February 09, 2012

Experts at The Long Island Concussion Center at Neurological Surgery, P.C. want parents, school sports officials, educators and young athletes to become more aware of the warning signs, and of what they should do if concussion symptoms are present.

Concussion in youth sports is a serious issue, as young athletes? brains are more susceptible to injuries. These injuries can become more serious as players suffer repeated incidents. Sports related concussions have generated a significant amount of attention, with numerous well-known school and professional athletes out of the game due to concussion.

There is increasing evidence that repeat concussions can have devastating results. News reports recently revealed that the late National Hockey League player Derek Boogaard had chronic traumatic encephalopathy (C.T.E.), a disease that can present with symptoms very similar to Alzheimer?s disease. Boogaard, who suffered repeated head injuries, was only 28 at his death. While young athletes may not suffer this degree of head trauma, they may still experience debilitating concussions – even if the concussions are not obvious at first.

?Most spectators will notice the ?big hit,? but concussions can occur after minimal contact or with no head contact at all,? says neuropsychologist Gad Klein, Ph.D., who co-directs the Long Island Concussion Center with neurologist Joseph Moreira, M.D.?????Sideline assessment by athletic personnel is critical, since we often can?t rely on the athletes to provide accurate reports, as they are anxious to return to play.?

Dr. Klein cites some of the most common symptoms of concussion: headaches, cognitive difficulty, fatigue and mood change. While these symptoms usually resolve in a few days to one week with rest and treatment, returning to play before all symptoms disappear can lead to more concussions and longer recovery time from subsequent concussions. In children and adolescents, the possibility of severe injury, even death, is a rare but real concern if a player is concussed again before fully recovering.

Dr. Klein notes that these potential dangers should not discourage parents from enrolling their children in organized sports activities. ?Often a bump on the head is just that,? he says. ?It is the job of clinical specialists to clarify the potential dangers of concussions and the methods used to manage and treat them. Parents, athletic personnel and teachers should be taught how to recognize these injuries to ensure the safety of all children.?

Dr. Klein uses a range of tools including neuropsychological testing to assist in determining whether young athletes are ready to return to play and to evaluate their cognitive and academic abilities before and after returning to school. Among these assessment methods is the new ImPACT Concussion System, a computerized test developed at the University of Pittsburgh, which evaluates concussion victims? cognitive abilities. Both Dr. Klein and Dr. Moreira are ImPACT certified, and able to properly interpret ImPACT results and help athletics officials determine the safest post-concussion plan for each student.

The Long Island Concussion Center at Neurological Surgery P.C. is a multidisciplinary practice with specialists in the fields of neurology, neuropsychology, neurosurgery, pain management, and physical therapy. The mission of the Concussion Center is to provide comprehensive assessment and management of individuals with acute concussions or lingering post-concussive syndrome. Center experts provide medical and cognitive evaluations after mild brain injury, help patients understand the nature of their injury and what to expect as they recover, and manage lingering symptoms. Center staff can also work closely with each athlete?s primary care physician and assist in making decisions regarding the athlete?s ability to return to work or school, or participate in sports activities, following a concussion.

About Neurological Surgery, P.C.

Neurological Surgery, P.C. is one of the New York City area?s premier neurosurgical groups, offering patients the most advanced treatments of brain and spine disorders. These include minimally invasive procedures such as stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife? and CyberKnife?), aneurysm coiling, neuro-endoscopy, spinal stimulators, carotid stents, interventional pain management, microdiscectomy, kyphoplasty, and X-STOP?. The practice?s physicians represent a range of surgical and nonsurgical specialties, combining compassionate care with highly specialized training. They are leaders in the region?s medical community, with appointments as chiefs of neurosurgery in some of Long Island?s best hospitals. NSPC offers eight convenient locations in Queens, Nassau and Suffolk Counties. For more information, call 1-800-775-7784 or visit http://www.NSPC.com.

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Related Mood Disorder Press Releases

Elements Alerts Parents About Rise in “Study Drug” Abuse and How to Recognize Withdrawal Symptoms from ADHD Medications when College Students Return Home

Los Angeles, CA (PRWEB) June 24, 2011

Elements Behavioral Health warns parents that more and more college students are abusing study drugs and provides information on how to recognize withdrawal symptoms and signs of addiction when their children return home for the summer. Many college students are exposed to illicit drug use and to prescription drug abuse while they are away at school, which can lead to risky behavior, injury, disease, addiction, and even death.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has reported via its Drug Abuse Warning Network that increased prescribing of ADHD drugs has led to greater access by person without a prescription and that peers are a common source of ADHD medications.

When college students return home for the summer, they are often subject to curfews and other house rules that didn?t apply while they were away. In some cases, students that have become dependent on illicit drugs or prescription medication (such as ?study drugs?) will experience withdrawal symptoms if they can?t continue their substance use while living at home. Others will continue their substance abuse and may exhibit signs of addiction. Being able to recognize these signs and symptoms will help you get your child the treatment they may need as well as prevent future addiction-related problems.

?Study drugs such as Adderall and Ritalin, when taken by someone who doesn?t suffer from attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), act as stimulants. They can cause irritability, insomnia, rapid shifts in emotions, and weight loss,? explains Dr. David Sack, an addiction psychiatrist and CEO of Elements Behavioral Health.

Study drugs allow students to stay up for hours to study without becoming tired. Some students say it increases their ability to focus as well. The drugs are very cheap and easy to obtain, as they are often illicitly sold on campus, sometimes by those who have legitimate prescriptions. Sometimes students will also deceive a physician by reporting symptoms they know will result in a diagnosis of ADHD and a prescription for the medications they want to use as study aids.

?Because these drugs are amphetamine-based, they have a high potential for tolerance and addiction,? warns Dr. Sack. ?Because the neurotransmitter dopamine is released in the brain when these drugs are taken, the brain begins to associate the drugs with a reward and craves more. Periods of extended abuse require increasing amounts of the drug to feel the same effects, which can lead to addiction.?

Serious side effects may also accompany the drugs, including sleep deprivation, loss of appetite, and heart problems. These drugs may also increase blood pressure, which can lead to stroke, heart attack, and sudden death.

Withdrawal and Addiction Symptoms

Symptoms of addiction include secretive behavior, an abrupt change in friends or social circle, changes in personality or attitude, changes in sleeping pattern, frequent lying or evasiveness, and physical signs of being high, such as unusual energy, rapid speech, and tiny pupils.

Withdrawal symptoms from amphetamines include fatigue, depression, increased appetite, anxiety, agitation, excessive sleep, lucid dreams, and even suicidal ideation.

?If you notice that your child is exhibiting a combination of these symptoms, you should talk to him or her candidly about prescription drug abuse,? says Jason Levine, Ph.D., Executive Director of Promises Treatment Centers in West Los Angeles, which specializes in treating young adults with addiction. ?First let your child know that you are aware of changes in their behavior and ask your child if he or she is using drugs of any kind, including prescription drugs. Let your child know that you are concerned for their well-being and that you are willing to do anything to help. Let them know some of the changes in them that you have noticed and keep the communication open. If you are told that there is a problem or you feel that you are not getting direct or honest answers, you should consider seeking the help of professionals? he suggests.

If your child denies the substance abuse but the behaviors persist, you might consider hiring a professional interventionist.

Elements Behavioral Health aims to fill the gaps in mental health treatment between inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services; in co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders; and between traditional and alternative settings to help clients that are underweight or overweight due to eating-related and other issues. The goal is for full recovery and well-being with permanent lifestyle improvement and change, and not just symptom reduction. Our focus is not only on the patient, but on the health and support of the family system. Promises Treatment Centers has addiction treatment centers in West Los Angeles and Malibu, California. The Ranch offers treatment for substance abuse, eating disorders, and PTSD on a working ranch outside Nashville, Tennessee. To learn more about Promises visit http://www.promises.com. To learn more about Elements Behavioral Health visit http://www.elementsbehavioralhealth.com. To learn more about treatment options or for a referral to an interventionist call our Recovery Referral Center at 877-351-7506.

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Doctor Finds Tylenol PM can Mimic Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Dementia

Woodstock, IL (PRWEB) May 19, 2008

A 57 year old patient with complaint of loss of memory, confusion, and difficulty concentrating, for over a year, presented for neurological evaluation to Dr. Amarish Dave’, board certified neurologist and author of audio book, ‘Total Memory Care’ (http://www.helpmemoryloss.com). Initially the symptoms were suggestive of early onset of dementia. After further review of the medication list, Tylenol PM was being taken as a sleep aid. Due to its anticholinergic side effects, Dr. Dave’, eliminated the medication from the patient’s regimen, and the symptoms which were suggestive of dementia, resolved after 1 week. The patient herself described ‘coming out of a fog’ after stopping the Tylenol PM.

Tylenol PM shares some properties of Ditropan, which is a medication used for bladder problems and has recently been found to cause memory loss in the elderly. Both Tylenol PM and medications like Ditropan have what are called anticholinergic properties.

Anticholinergic refers to medications that can block acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a chemical that is in the brain and critical for memory. Many of the medications used for dementia actually try to increase the amount of acetylcholine in the brain. Therefore, medications that block acetylcholine can have a negative effect on memory.

Dr. Dave’ directs a memory clinic and sees many patients frequently with complaints of memory problems and they are often on medications that can cause memory problems. Dr. Dave’, said, “Memory problems are so common and the big concern for most patients is, am I developing Alzheimer’s dementia? However, I find that many of these patients are on medications that have anticholinergic properties that can cause memory problems, and by eliminating them, the memory problems can sometimes lessen or improve, and sometimes improve dramatically.”

Dr. Dave’ is author of ‘Total Memory Care’ (http://www.helpmemoryloss.com), and recommends that all patients with memory problems should first ask their doctor if any of the medications they are on have anticholinergic side effects, if so, ask if there is an alternative.

“Typically anticholinergic side effects are thought of as mainly a concern for elderly patients, however, in this case, my patient was in her 50′s. If you think about how many patients in midlife are on medications with like Tylenol PM that have anticholinergic side effects, it’s astounding, and that has major implications for evaluation of memory loss in this age group,” he said.

Dr. Amarish Dave’ is a board certified neurologist who sees patients for memory loss and is author of the audio book, ‘Total Memory Care.’ More information available at http://www.helpmemoryloss.com.

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Related Early Onset Alzheimers Press Releases

Many Psychiatric Symptoms May Result From Lyme Disease, Says Joseph Annibali, M.D. From Amen Clinics

Reston, VA (PRWEB) April 18, 2012

Undetected, Lyme disease takes hold and hides in the nervous system, especially in the brain, causing havoc to cognitive functions, often going diagnosed and treated incorrectly, says Joseph Annibali, M.D., chief psychiatrist at Amen Clinics in Reston, Virginia, close to Washington, DC.

Dr. Annibali is offering a FREE educational session for medical professionals on Thursday, April 26 from 12:30pm-1:30pm about how brain SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging assists with diagnosing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is one of the fastest growing infectious diseases in the nation, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Caused by the bite of a deer tick that is infected with the Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) spirochete, Spring is the ideal time to catch Lyme disease, says Dr. Annibali. Ticks often survive the winter season and are lying in wait for us when we resume our outdoor activities.

Dr. Annibali also explains Lyme is difficult to diagnose because less that half of all Lyme patients ever notice a tick bite or develop the signature bulls-eye rash. As a result, many patients go untreated and develop psychiatric and/or neurological symptoms that are misdiagnosed and mistreated. In fact, untreated Lyme disease can mimic or cause virtually any kind of psychiatric, neurological, or medical symptoms.

Cognitive symptoms from Lyme disease may include memory and concentration impairments, ADHD-like symptoms, learning disabilities, language and speech abnormalities, OCD, crying spells, rages, depression/bipolar disorder, panic/anxiety disorders and other psychoses.

?The biggest challenge, if Lyme goes undetected, is that the infection remains with you essentially forever,? says Dr. Annibali. ?However, with proper diagnoses and treatment, Lyme disease can typically be treated quite effectively. The sooner Lyme is diagnosed, the better.?

Amen Clinics is the world leader in applying brain SPECT imaging to clinical psychiatric practice, having conducted more than 72,000 brain SPECT scans. Their clinicians and researchers have published numerous clinical studies in peer-reviewed journals regarding the efficacy of SPECT in psychiatric care.

This event will be held at:

Amen Clinics-Reston

1875 Campus Commons Drive, Suite 205

Reston, Virginia 20191

April 26, 2012

12:30 pm to 1:30 pm

Lunch provided

FREE upon RSVP

To register for the Lyme disease ?Lunch and Learn? session with Dr. Annibali,

please contact: Kristin Karlovich, kkarlovich(at)amenclinics(dot)com, (703) 880-4019.

Dr. Annibali, chief psychiatrist at Amen Clinics in Reston, has been Board Certified in both general and geriatric psychiatry and is a Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. Dr. Annibali?s professional interests include Lyme disease, ADHD, developmental difficulties, the integration of psychotherapy and neuroscience, and complementary and alternative treatment approaches, including functional medicine.

The Amen Clinics, Inc. (ACI) was founded in 1989 by Daniel G. Amen, M.D. in Newport Beach, California, and now has locations in San Francisco, Seattle, and Reston, Virginia (http://www.amenclinics.com). ACI specializes in using detailed clinical histories, brain imaging, and lab testing for innovative diagnosis and treatment for a wide variety of problems, including weight issues, ADD, anxiety, depression, autistic spectrum disorders, and memory problems.?Dr. Amen is a physician, child and adult psychiatrist, brain-imaging specialist, and Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. Dr. Amen has authored five New York Times bestsellers “Change Your Brain, Change Your Life,” “Change Your Brain, Change Your Body,” “Magnificent Mind At Any Age,” ?”The Amen Solution” and his latest “Use Your Brain to Change Your Age.”

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Men Should Not Be Afraid BPH Symptoms Development as New Thermobalancing Therapy Can Help to Restore Prostate Condition States Fine Treatment


London, UK (PRWEB) April 09, 2012

No drugs or surgery are involved in new Thermobalancing Therapy that treats prostate gland by improving the affected tissue condition and terminating prostate enlargement without removal all or a part of the prostate, Fine Treatment reveals. Men must not be aware of side effects of this therapy as Dr. Allen?s device is absolutely harmless as consist from natural ingredients only. Many people feel uncomfortable talking about the prostate, since the gland plays a role in both sex and urination and as a prostate problem was previously untreatable. However, as the therapy treats prostate well this subject can be discussed as any other treatable condition as cold or flu.

According to the MedicineNet.com over time an enlarged prostate may cause a frequent urge to urinate or dribbling after urination or other symptoms of urinary dysfunction. So doctors are given advices to undertake one or another prostate removal procedure as now there are many of them. Medline-Plus (Health information from the National Library of Medicine), for instance, describes 5 of them: laser prostatectomy, transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), transurethral electrovaporization (TUVP) and transurethral incision (TUIP).

However, any surgery does not cure the underlying prostate problem but only cuts all or a part of a prostate to ease the symptoms. Unlike a prostate surgery Dr. Allen?s therapeutic device creates an ideal environment for capillaries (small blood vessels) to maintain the temperature in the enlarged prostate tissue that improves the blood flow in it reducing swelling and terminating the progression of BPH. Consequently the pressure on the bladder decreases reducing the BPH symptoms. See how easy is to use Dr. Allen?s device here, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IS8cHVGXZAU.

?Men should not panic when a urinary retention is diagnosed and consider thoroughly suggestions of any of prostate surgical treatment which may harm straightaway or in the future,? says Dr. Allen. ?The new natural offered device by Fine Treatment has a proven efficacy for prostate enlargement and can help a man to overcome fear of threats.?

Dr. Allen?s Device for Prostate Care cleanses the prostate tissue naturally. Read more at http://www.finetreatment.co.uk/prostatetreatmentbph/prostatitistreatment.html.

About Dr. Simon Allen and Fine Treatment:

Dr. Simon Allen is a highly experienced medical professional. His specialty is in the internal medicine and cardio-vascular field, and he has treated patients after a heart attack, with kidneys problems, including kidney stones disease, prostate and spine conditions. Fine Treatment exclusively offers Dr. Allen?s devices for the treatment of chronic prostatitis and BPH, coronary heart disease and kidney stones, for back pain, including lumbago and sciatica.





Be on the Look Out for Diabetes Symptoms

Juvenile onset diabetes is another name for type 1 diabetes. This type of diabetes is subtle and generally strikes younger people. Adult onset diabetes, type 2, is very symptomatic compared to type 1. A person’s lifestyle choices and environment can even help in predicting the onset of type 2 diabetes. Keeping an eye out for major diabetic symptoms is always a good idea, though. Monitoring for the major symptoms will keep diabetes from being able to develop undetected as sometimes happens. Watch for these diabetic symptoms.

Fluctuating weight is one thing to watch for. Are you losing weight regardless of what and how much you eat? Is this a recent change? Did these fluctuations start even though your diet hasn’t changed? Weight fluctuation is the most visible sign of diabetes. Your potassium levels control the amount of water in your body and your potassium levels get out of sync when you’re diabetic. It is the change in your water levels that causes your weight to fluctuate. Get in to see your doctor if you notice your weight drastically bouncing up and back down.

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Generally, most cuts and scrapes, when taken care of properly, will take very little time to heal. Most will close up and begin to heal within a week. Some disappear rather quickly. Although, when you have diabetes, even small wounds might not recover in the right way.

This is due to your body’s capability of sending in healing white blood cells and reconstructing the skin being affected by a decrease of sugar and insulin in the blood. If you have observed that you’ve been having difficulty healing, in comparison to the past, you may need to talk to your medical professional. This is almost always a sign of a more serious problem.

Nausea, vomiting and dehydration are the primary symptoms and indicators of the onset of Type 1. These ordinarily happen when the body discontinues producing insulin or the levels of potassium go berserk. Type 1 diabetes, which is also known as juvenile onset diabetes is caused by genetics and heredity and not generally by factors that can be controlled. If your child appears to have the stomach flu and is also enduring some weird things with their personality, requesting that he or she be test for diabetes is a decent idea. A pediatrician will most likely do some initial testing anyway, just to rule against the sickness.

Diabetes symptoms vary from person to person. It really depends heavily on how severe the disease in your body. There are a few people who will never show a symptom. Others may show a whole range of common symptoms. Why it’s happening in the first place is always the first line of defense. If you know the symptoms you can treat it early and perhaps control it before it has a chance to control you.

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Early Symptoms of Alzheimers

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. Approximately 24 million people worldwide are living with Alzheimer’s. Genetic factors are suspected, and dominant mutations in three different genes have been identified that account for the small number of cases of familial, early-onset AD. A small percentage Alzheimer’s patients are under 50 years of age. Some are genetics may play a role in many AD cases. . Only about 15 percent of people have the form that increases the risk of AD. It is likely that other genes also may increase the risk of AD or protect against AD. Alzheimer’s disease has been identified as a protein misfolding disease, or proteopathy, due to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta protein and tau protein in the brains of AD patients. AD is also considered a tauopathy due to abnormal aggregation of the tau protein, a microtubule-associated protein expressed in neurons that normally acts to stabilize microtubules in the cell cytoskeleton.

Alzheimer’s is caused by a loss of brain cells, as well as changes in the cerebral cortex. An accumulation of tangled fibers and/or plaques forms around the nerves in the cerebral cortex. It is unknown why the tangled fibers and plaques develop in the brain. Adults with damaged blood vessels in the brain or atrophy in their temporal lobe are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease. Environmental factors sometimes claimed to increase risk of Alzheimer’s including prior head injury, particularly repeated trauma, previous incidents of migraine headaches, exposure to defoliants, and low activity levels during adulthood. However, with the exception of previous concussion, none of these environmental risk factors are widely accepted. AD usually begins after age 60. The risk goes up as you get older. AD is also considered a tauopathy due to abnormal aggregation of the tau protein, a microtubule-associated protein expressed in neurons that normally acts to stabilize microtubules in the cell cytoskeleton.

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Treatment modalities include counseling, psychotherapy (if cognitive functioning is adequate), reminiscent therapy, reality orientation therapy, and behavioral reinforcements as well as cognitive rehabilitation training. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were thought to be important because there is a reduction in activity of the cholinergic neurons. Vaccines or immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s, unlike typical vaccines, would be used to treat diagnosed patients rather than for disease prevention. Combining memantine with other AD drugs may be more effective than any single therapy. One controlled clinical trial found that patients receiving donepezil plus memantine had better cognition and other functions than patients receiving donepezil alone. Also, other medications may help control behavioral symptoms such as sleeplessness, agitation, wandering, anxiety, and depression. One controlled clinical trial found that patients receiving donepezil plus memantine had better cognition and other functions than patients receiving donepezil alone.

Alzheimers Treatment Tips

1. Donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Reminyl) may keep some

Symptoms and Treatment for Early Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neuro-degenerative disorder, after Alzheimer’s disease, primarily affecting the elderly people. It is estimated that about 1% of population above the age of 65 years and about 5% above the age of 80 years suffer from PD. It can, therefore, be calculated that in India alone with an estimated population of 100 crore (one billion) by the turn of century, about 70 crore (700 million) people will be above the age of 65 years, of which approximately 70 lac (7 million) will suffer from PD.

 

After the clinical description of this malady in 1817 by James Parkinson, major breakthrough in the field of PD was the discovery of loss of dopamine in the nigro-striatal pathways by Ehringer and Hornykiewicz.[1] Better understanding of neurochemistry, neurophysiology, pathogenesis, aetiology, genetics and development of experimental models has led to improvement in therapy of PD.

 

 

Parkinson’s disease does not affect everyone the same way. In some people the disease progresses quickly, in others it does not. Although some people become severely disabled, others experience only minor motor disruptions. Tremor is the major symptom for some patients, while for others tremor is only a minor complaint and different symptoms are more troublesome.

 

The tremor associated with Parkinson’s disease has a characteristic appearance. Typically, the tremor takes the form of a rhythmic back-and-forth motion of the thumb and forefinger at three beats per second. This is sometimes called “pill rolling.” Tremor usually begins in a hand, although sometimes a foot or the jaw is affected first. It is most obvious when the hand is at rest or when a person is under stress. In three out of four patients, the tremor may affect only one part or side of the body, especially during the early stages of the disease. Later it may become more general. Tremor is rarely disabling and it usually disappears during sleep or improves with intentional movement.

 

Rigidity, or a resistance to movement, affects most parkinsonian patients. A major principle of body movement is that all muscles have an opposing muscle. Movement is possible not just because one muscle becomes more active, but because the opposing muscle relaxes. In Parkinson’s disease, rigidity comes about when, in response to signals from the brain, the delicate balance of opposing muscles is disturbed. The muscles remain constantly tensed and contracted so that the person aches or feels stiff or weak. The rigidity becomes obvious when another person tries to move the patient’s arm, which will move only in ratchet-like or short, jerky movements known as “cogwheel” rigidity.

 

Bradykinesia, or the slowing down and loss of spontaneous and automatic movement, is particularly frustrating because it is unpredictable. One moment the patient can move easily. The next moment he or she may need help. This may well be the most disabling and distressing symptom of the disease because the patient cannot rapidly perform routine movements. Activities once performed quickly and easily — such as washing or dressing — may take several hours.

 

Postural instability, or impaired balance and coordination, causes patients to develop a forward or backward lean and to fall easily. When bumped from the front or when starting to walk, patients with a backward

Middle Ear Infection ? Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Inflammation of the middle ear is an infection caused by a germ (bacterium). It is very common among children. The middle ear is an air-filled hollow between the eardrum and the inner ear. The Eustachian tube – an air channel between the middle ear and the nose – usually ensures that the middle ear is ventilated and that fluids can run out through the nose.


Middle ear infection most commonly occurs following a cold. It also frequently occurs as a result of contact with other children. Middle ear infection (called otitis media) is an infection behind the eardrum. Ear infections are very common and are usually painful. By the age of six, most children have grown out of middle ear infections and are not likely to suffer long-term problems.


Symptoms


In otitis media, inflammation occurs on that portion of the ear, which is directly behind the eardrum. This pain in the ear is usually of a piercing type and is not attended with fever. Pus is discharged into the outer ear. As the condition progresses, the inner ear becomes seriously affected, and hearing is considerably impaired.


Acute middle ear infection is most common in children. It is caused by a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid of the middle ear. When infection occurs in the middle ear, pus or excess fluid is produced. Ear infections are often associated with respiratory infections or with blocked sinuses caused by allergies or enlarged adenoids.

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Causes


A cold or other infection of the upper airways causes the tubes which drain the ears in to the back of the throat to become swollen and filled with mucus or catarrh. These tubes are called eustachian tubes, and are the tubes we open, by yawning or swallowing, to stop our ears popping as we go up a hill or in a plane. This swelling may block the eustachian tubes, and stop the normal drainage of fluid from the middle ear down to the back of the throat. As water which is stagnant becomes foul, so there is more chance of germs building up in this stagnant situation in the middle ear, and a middle ear infection (acute otitis media) is the result.


Ear infections also can be associated with dysfunction or swelling within the eustachian tubes — the narrow passageways that connect the middle ear to the nose. Normally these tubes equalize pressure inside and outside the ear. But a child’s eustachian tubes are narrower and shorter than those of an adult. This makes it easier for fluid to get trapped in the middle ear when the eustachian tubes dysfunction or become blocked during a cold.


Treatment


Many physicians recommend the use of an antibiotic (a drug that kills bacteria) when there is an active middle ear infection. If a patient is experiencing pain, the physician may also recommend a pain reliever. Following the physician’s ear infection treatment instructions is very important. Once started, the antibiotic should be taken until it is finished. Most physicians will have the patient return for a follow-up examination to see if the infection has cleared.


Most ear infections clear on their own in just a few days — and antibiotics won’t help an infection caused by a virus. In fact, about 80 percent of children with acute otitis media recover without

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